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Islamic legal and ethical traditions, the Quran, and Hadith (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad) all have a significant influence on Islamic attitudes on justice and human rights. This is a synopsis:
Divine Mandate: God commands justice, which is a fundamental pillar of Islam and is highlighted multiple times in the Quran. It is believed to be a mirror of God’s qualities.
Quranic Foundation: The emphasis on justice is demonstrated by verses like “O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm in justice, witnesses for Allah, even if it be against yourselves or parents and relatives” (Quran 4:135) and “Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people, to judge with justice” (Quran 4:58).
Wholesome Justice: Islamic law addresses not only civil and criminal cases but also social, economic, and distributive justice. It requires equity in government, corporate transactions, and interpersonal behavior.
Islam holds that all people are born with inherent rights and dignity, which come from the fact that God created them. The verse “And We have certainly honored the children of Adam” (Quran 17:70) appears in the text.
Equality: Islam upholds the idea that all people are created equal in God’s eyes, regardless of their gender, race, or socioeconomic standing. This was highlighted in the Last Sermon of the Prophet Muhammad, who said that no Arab is superior to a non-Arab and no white person is superior to a black person unless they are pious and behave well.
Freedom and the Right to Life: Islam places a high value on life, since the Quran states that “anyone murders a person unless for a soul or for corruption [done] It seemed as though he had completely destroyed humanity in the region. According to Quran 5:32, “And whoever saves one, it is as if he had saved mankind entirely.”
Social Welfare: Zakat (charitable donation) and Sadaqah (voluntary charity) are two Islamic systems that are required to safeguard the impoverished, orphans, and vulnerable groups.
Justice in the Law: Individual rights are safeguarded by Islamic law (Sharia), which includes the ban on torture, the right to a fair trial, and protection from wrongful detention.
Spiritual Equality: Verses such as “Indeed, the Muslim men and Muslim women, the believing men and believing women…—for them Allah has prepared forgiveness and a great reward” (Quran 33:35) demonstrate the Quran’s emphasis on the spiritual equality of men and women.
Rights in Marriage and Family Life: Women are entitled to own property, get financial support in marriage, agree to marriage, and file for divorce.
Historical Context: Although women’s rights under Islamic teachings were far greater than in pre-Islamic Arabia, the ways in which these rights have been interpreted and applied have differed greatly throughout cultures and historical periods.
Contextual Interpretations: Some conventional interpretations of Sharia have come under fire for being unfair or out of step with contemporary conceptions of human rights, especially when it comes to matters like gender equality, freedom of speech, and punitive laws.
Islamic Human Rights Movements: Modern Muslim groups are working to read Islamic texts in a way that is consistent with international human rights norms, with a focus on the justice and mercy that are fundamental to Islamic teachings.